Caring for hummingbirds and cleaning their feeders

On cool days in spring and warmer days early in the summer when the birds are not feeding daily, we can leave in the nectar mix in the feeder for 2-3 days … we then need to replace it. In warmer weather, replace the nectar solution daily.

Avoid using cleansers that will leave poisonous residue. Dawn soap for dishes is ok. You can also put the feeder in the dishwasher.

It is important to keep the feeders clean. During refilling inspect each feeder, and scrub with a small brush and clean with hot water any areas where mold, dirt, ants or other debris has accumulated, especially the holes, the rim, top and crevasses.

Make your own sugar water necter. Do not buy the readymade red solution.

When formulating your hummingbird mixture recipe, remember that nectar found in nature is typically in the range of 12%-35% sugar (sucrose). The solution you prepare should be similar to that found in nature.

The recommended mix is four parts water to one part sugar. Let the mixture come to a boil while stirring. Take off the burner, let cool, then store the mixture in the refrigerator for up to seven days. No longer than seven days. Best storing container for the solution is stainless steel or glass because plastic containers emit toxic chemicals into the food.

In the Pacific Northwest including the Seattle area, hummingbirds—particularly stay year-round and are prone to several diseases primarily spread through poorly maintained feeders. 

Primary Diseases

• Candidiasis (Fungal Infection): This is a common and often fatal fungal infection of the tongue and mouth caused by mold or fermented nectar.
  • Symptoms: The bird’s tongue swells, turns black, and fails to retract, making it impossible for them to eat.
  • Cause: Mold growth in feeders or using improper sugar (like honey, brown, or organic sugar), which facilitates fungal growth.
• Salmonellosis (Bacterial Infection): Caused by Salmonella bacteria, this disease is highly contagious and usually fatal.
  • Symptoms: Infected birds appear “tame” or lethargic, sit with fluffed-out feathers, and may have swollen eyelids or diarrhea.
  • Transmission: Spread through droppings and saliva at crowded feeders or birdbaths. Note: While rare, it can spread to humans and pets.
• Avian Poxvirus: A viral disease that causes wart-like growths or tumors.
  • Symptoms: Visible lesions on the beak, feet, legs, or around the eyes.
  • Outcome: While it can be fatal if it interferes with feeding, many hummingbirds can recover within 7–14 days.
• Aspergillosis: A fungal infection affecting the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
  • Symptoms: Inability to perch, weight loss, and respiratory distress.
  • Cause: Exposure to spores from contaminated feeders or damp environment. 

Prevention and Reporting

• Feeder Maintenance: Clean feeders every 2–4 days (more frequently in heat) 1 part white vinegar to 2 parts water or hot water with mild soap. For mold, soak parts in a 1:10 bleach-and-water solution for 15 minutes. Use a bottle brush to scrub all nooks to remove residue. Always rinse thoroughly until no scent remains. 
• Proper Nectar: Use only a 4:1 ratio of water to plain white granulated sugar. Never use honey, organic sugar, or red dye.
• Reporting: If you find a sick or injured hummingbird in Washington call PAWS at 425.412.4040. They will help you with what to do.
• That goes for your seed feeders, too. Keep them clean using the above recommendations.

Please take the time to follow these simple instructions for the health and beauty of the hummingbirds we enjoy each day. They live about 8 years so let’s do our part to keep them healthy, safe and living their best lives.

Try to keep your blinds closed or in position to cover the window to avoid collisions